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Summer 2026TEKS Physics Learning Outcomes
Scientific and Engineering Practices
Students ask questions, plan investigations, analyze data, build models, communicate explanations, and connect science to society.
Investigations and models
- Ask questions, define problems, plan investigations, and use safe laboratory practices.
- Collect quantitative and qualitative data with appropriate tools, tables, graphs, and diagrams.
- Develop and use models while recognizing their advantages, limitations, and assumptions.
Evidence and communication
- Analyze patterns, uncertainty, and quantitative relationships in experimental data.
- Develop evidence-based explanations and communicate findings in written, visual, and oral forms.
- Critique explanations and solutions using evidence, reasoning, and respectful scientific argumentation.
Motion and Forces
Students use algebra-based mechanics to describe motion, represent forces, and apply Newton's laws.
Motion representations
- Use position-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time representations to describe motion.
- Distinguish scalars and vectors, add vectors, and work with frames of reference.
- Analyze one-dimensional motion and selected two-dimensional cases such as horizontal projectile motion and uniform circular motion.
Newton's laws and gravitation
- Connect equilibrium, inertia, and net force to Newton’s first and second laws.
- Draw and interpret free-body diagrams for simultaneous forces and interacting objects.
- Use scientific notation and Newton’s law of universal gravitation to reason about gravitational interactions.
Electric and Magnetic Forces
Students connect electric force, fields, charge conservation, circuits, current, voltage, resistance, and power.
Electric charge and fields
- Use Coulomb's law to reason about electric force magnitude.
- Compare electric and magnetic forces and fields in everyday systems.
- Explain charge transfer and conservation through induction, conduction, and polarization.
Circuits and electrical power
- Analyze series and parallel circuit relationships.
- Use Ohm's law to connect current, potential difference, resistance, and power.
- Interpret circuit behavior using qualitative models and algebraic relationships.
Energy and Momentum
Students use work, power, energy, impulse, and momentum to analyze physical systems and collisions.
Work, power, and energy
- Calculate and interpret work and power in one-dimensional situations.
- Distinguish mechanical, kinetic, and potential energy stores.
- Use conservation of energy and the work-energy theorem to track changes in physical systems.
Impulse, momentum, and collisions
- Relate impulse to changes in momentum for objects and systems.
- Use qualitative one-dimensional momentum conservation models for elastic and inelastic collisions.
- Use momentum models to explain collision outcomes and system interactions.
Waves, Optics, and Modern Physics
Students connect wave behavior, electromagnetic radiation, optics, spectra, and quantum phenomena.
Waves and sound
- Describe simple harmonic motion and wave propagation in different media.
- Compare transverse and longitudinal waves using speed, frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.
- Analyze reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, standing waves, Doppler effect, polarization, and superposition.
Light and optics
- Connect applications of the electromagnetic spectrum to wave behavior and technology.
- Use emission spectra as evidence for energy changes in matter.
- Describe image formation with plane mirrors and thin convex lenses.
Quantum phenomena and applications
- Explain the photoelectric effect, emission spectra, and photon model.
- Connect Malus's law, polarization applications, superposition, and wave-particle duality to light behavior.
- Survey applications such as uncertainty, quantum computing, and cybersecurity without requiring advanced quantum mechanics.
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