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AP Physics 1

Released
AP Physics 1 is an algebra-based mechanics course for students preparing for the College Board exam. The course covers the same content as a first-semester college physics course, but provides extra emphasis on AP-style reasoning: interpreting graphs, explaining physical relationships, connecting representations, designing investigations, and writing clear free-response arguments. Includes two full practice tests and a midterm, and 32 standalone practice FRQs.
AP Physics 1 alignment: Coverage tracks the AP Physics 1 course framework, exam topics, and science practices.
College Board AP Physics 1: Official AP unit weighting and course framing.

AP Physics 1 Learning Outcomes

AP Unit 1: Kinematics

10-15% of exam
• Combine AP kinematics models: displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall, projectile motion, and one-dimensional relative velocity.
• Translate between motion diagrams, equations, and position/velocity/acceleration graphs; use slope and area as evidence.
• Use vectors and components fluently so AP problems can move between horizontal, vertical, and angled motion representations.

AP Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics

18-23% of exam
• Draw and interpret free-body diagrams; identify systems, surroundings, interaction pairs, and net force.
• Apply Newton's laws to equilibrium and accelerated motion in 1D and 2D, including friction, tension, normal force, weight, and connected systems.
• Fold circular-motion force reasoning into the same dynamics toolkit: centripetal acceleration, orbital motion, banked curves, and gravitational interactions.

AP Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power

18-23% of exam
• Model work from force and displacement, including force-position graphs and the sign of work.
• Track kinetic, gravitational, and elastic potential energy with conservation, bar charts, and energy graphs.
• Connect work, nonconservative forces, and power to multi-step AP scenarios instead of treating energy as plug-and-chug formulas.

AP Unit 4: Linear Momentum

10-15% of exam
• Define momentum, impulse, and system boundaries; use force-time and momentum-time graphs as AP evidence.
• Apply conservation of momentum in 1D for collisions, explosions, recoil, and interacting-object systems; set up and reason about 2D momentum situations.
• Pair momentum with energy when the situation requires classifying elastic, inelastic, or perfectly inelastic collisions.

AP Unit 5: Torque and Rotational Dynamics

10-15% of exam
• Connect angular position, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and rotational kinematics to familiar linear-motion ideas.
• Use torque, lever arm, rotational inertia, and Newton's second law for rotation to reason about rotating systems.
• Analyze static equilibrium, rolling constraints, pulleys, and coupled translation-rotation problems.

AP Unit 6: Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems

5-8% of exam
• Extend work-energy reasoning to rotating systems with rotational kinetic energy, rolling motion, and torque-position relationships.
• Distinguish orbital and spin angular momentum; interpret angular momentum-time and torque-time graphs.
• Apply conservation of angular momentum to rotational collisions and changing moment-of-inertia scenarios.

AP Unit 7: Oscillations

5-8% of exam
• Identify simple harmonic motion from restoring forces, period, frequency, amplitude, and equilibrium position.
• Analyze springs and pendulums using force, energy, and graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration over time.
• Explain how energy transfers between kinetic and potential forms during oscillation.

AP Unit 8: Fluids

10-15% of exam
• Use density, pressure, and pressure-depth relationships to reason about static fluids.
• Apply Pascal's principle and Archimedes' principle to hydraulic systems, floating objects, and submerged objects.
• Connect continuity and Bernoulli-style reasoning to flow speed, cross-sectional area, pressure, and height.

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